An extended emotion-eliciting film clips set (EGEFILM): assessment of emotion ratings for 104 film clips in a Turkish sample.

The primary aim of this study was to test emotion-elicitation levels of widely used film clips in a Turkish sample and to expand existing databases by adding several new film clips with the capacity to elicit a wide range of emotions, including a rarely studied emotion category, i.e., calmness. For this purpose, we conducted a comprehensive review of prior studies and collected a large number of new suggestions from a Turkish sample to select film clips for eight emotion categories: amusement, tenderness, calmness, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, and neutrality. Furthermore, we aimed to assess emotion-eliciting levels of short video clips, mostly taken by amateur video footage. In total, 104 film clips were tested online by rating several affective dimensions. Self-reported emotional experience was assessed in terms of intensity, discreteness, valence, and arousal. It was found that at least one of the existing film clips, most of the new film clips, and the short video clips were successful at eliciting medium to high levels of target emotions. However, we also observed overlaps between certain emotions (e.g., tenderness-sadness, anger-sadness-disgust, or fear-anxiety). The current results are mostly in line with previous databases, suggesting that film clips are efficient at eliciting a wide range of emotions where cultural background might play a role in the elicitation of certain emotions (e.g., amusement, anger, etc.). We hope that this extended emotion-eliciting film clips set (EGEFILM) will provide a rich resource for future emotion research both in Turkey and the international area.

Dolor irruptivo oncológico de mal control secundario a masas suprarrenales bilaterales / Breaktrhough cancer pain bad controlled secondary to bilateral adrenal masses

Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 67 años diagnosticado de adenocarcinoma de pulmón en estadio IV con dolor irruptivo oncológico (DIO) de difícil control. Durante el transcurso de la enfermedad el paciente necesitó varios ingresos por complicaciones, siendo la más común el mal control del DIO. Tras varios cambios en la pauta analgésica (rotación de opioides, cambios en tratamientos coadyuvantes y vías de administración), se consiguió buen control del dolor a pesar de progresión de la enfermedad de base. Finalmente, el paciente precisó ingreso hospitalario ante deterioro del estado general y claudicación familiar. Ante mal pronóstico, el equipo de Cuidados Paliativos y los familiares decidieron instaurar tratamiento con medidas de confort. De la relevancia del caso clínico que aportamos se concluye que es necesaria la existencia de equipos multidisciplinares formados y entrenados en este ámbito para un buen manejo terapéutico y una mejor calidad de vida en los pacientes

We present the case of a 67-year-old male with stage IV adenocarcinoma lung cancer who presented difficult control of breakthrough cancer pain. During the course of the disease, the patient had to be hospitalized several times due to complications. The most common complication was breakthrough cancer pain. After many changes in the analgesic treatment (opioid rotation, changes in coadjuvant drugs and routes of administration), good control of analgesic pain was achieved despite the progression of this underlying disease. Finally, the patient required being hospitalized due to deterioration of the general condition and family claudication. Faced with a por prognosis, the Palliative Care and Oncology team decided to establish treatment with comfort measures. We can conclude that the existence of multidisciplinary trained team is necessary for good therapeutic management and a better quality of life in patients

The effects of emotion on working memory: Valence versus motivation.

It is unclear whether the effects of emotional state on working memory (WM) are valence-based or motivation-based since the type of emotions used in previous research differed on both dimensions of emotion. Especially, effects of anger, which is a negative but approach-related emotional state, were mostly overlooked. To distinguish between valence vs. motivation accounts, two experiments were conducted in which participants were induced one of four emotional states to create approach-positive (happiness), avoidance-negative (fear), approach-negative (anger), and control (neutral) conditions, followed by Self-ordered Pointing Task (Experiment 1) or N-Back task (Experiment 2) as WM measures. The main effect of emotion on WM accuracy was not significant in neither experiment. In the second experiment, however, reaction times (RTs) in the avoidance-related emotion condition were significantly faster compared to those in approach-related conditions, without compromising accuracy. Together the two experiments suggest that the motivational dimension of emotional state is more effective on WM than the valence dimension, especially on the RTs, indicating working memory updating efficiency.

Visual perception of faces with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate: An Eye-Tracking Study.

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypotheses that there are differences between orthodontists, individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and laypersons in the visual perception of faces with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), the faces with UCLP and BCLP are visually perceived differently and the hierarchy of visual attention changes when viewing individuals with CLP. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Department of Orthodontics and Experimental Psychology at Ege University, Izmir. Sixty images (faces with a social smile and at rest) of 30 volunteers (unaffected controls, UCLP, BCLP) were viewed by 80 participants: orthodontists, individuals with CLP and laypersons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eye fixations on four areas of interest were quantified: eyes, nose, upper lip and lower lip-chin. Time to first fixation, fixation before, fixation count and fixation duration parameters were analysed. RESULTS: Orthodontists fixated on the upper-lip area more often than laypersons or individuals with CLP (F2.144 =8.47, P=.00, η²=.19 in faces at rest). The upper-lip area received more fixations (F2.144 =21.93, P=.00, η²=.23) and longer fixation durations (F2.144 =28.86, P=.00, η²=.27) from all participants who gazed on faces with UCLP and a social smile. CONCLUSION: The hypotheses of the study were supported. Orthodontists and laypersons focused more attention on the upper lip and eyes in the resting position, respectively. The upper-lip area of the BCLP images captured more attention at rest.

Comparison of change detection performance and visual search patterns among children with/without ADHD: Evidence from eye movements.

BACKGROUND: ADHD participants showed poorer change detection performance compared to participants without any diagnosis. The difficulty to detect changes in ADHD children might be due to their voluntary eye movement control and attentional deficits. AIMS: To evaluate change detection performance and visual search patterns of children with ADHD and compare their performances with typically developing (TD) children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: 48 children (nADHD=24, nTD=24) participated (Mage=8 years, 10 months). Flicker paradigm was used to evaluate change detection performance, while eye movements were recorded during the experiment. RESULTS: Change detection accuracies of TD children were higher compared to ADHD children. TD groups made longer fixations on the changed area and their first fixation duration was also longer than ADHD children which showed that TD children had longer fixation maintenance than ADHD children. CONCLUSIONS: The change detection performance, which is associated with visual attention and memory, was found to be worse in ADHD children than TD children and these children made shorter fixations on the changed area than TD children. The findings were found to be in line with the difficulty to sustain attention in ADHD children that is necessary for encoding the scene properties and goal-oriented behavior.

How accurately do drivers evaluate their own driving behavior? An on-road observational study.

Self-assessment of driving skills became a noteworthy research subject in traffic psychology, since by knowing one's strenghts and weaknesses, drivers can take an efficient compensatory action to moderate risk and to ensure safety in hazardous environments. The current study aims to investigate drivers' self-conception of their own driving skills and behavior in relation to expert evaluations of their actual driving, by using naturalistic and systematic observation method during actual on-road driving session and to assess the different aspects of driving via comprehensive scales sensitive to different specific aspects of driving. 19-63 years old male participants (N=158) attended an on-road driving session lasting approximately 80min (45km). During the driving session, drivers' errors and violations were recorded by an expert observer. At the end of the driving session, observers completed the driver evaluation questionnaire, while drivers completed the driving self-evaluation questionnaire and Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). Low to moderate correlations between driver and observer evaluations of driving skills and behavior, mainly on errors and violations of speed and traffic lights was found. Furthermore, the robust finding that drivers evaluate their driving performance as better than the expert was replicated. Over-positive appraisal was higher among drivers with higher error/violation score and with the ones that were evaluated by the expert as "unsafe". We suggest that the traffic environment might be regulated by increasing feedback indicators of errors and violations, which in turn might increase the insight into driving performance. Improving self-awareness by training and feedback sessions might play a key role for reducing the probability of risk in their driving activity.

Visual processing asymmetries in change detection.

Change detection is critically dependent on attentional mechanisms. However, the relation between an asymmetrical distribution of visuo-spatial attention and the detection of changes in visual scenes is not clear. Spatial tasks are known to induce a stronger activation of the right hemisphere. The effects of such visual processing asymmetries induced by a spatial task on change detection were investigated. When required to detect changes in the left and in the right visual fields, participants were significantly faster in detecting changes on the left than on the right. Importantly, this left-side superiority in change detection is not influenced by inspection time, suggesting a critical role of visual processing benefit for the left visual field.

Parental recall of pre-school behavior related to ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder.

The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of Age of Onset Criterion (AOC) to the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorder. For this purpose, a 10-item Likert-type Parent Assessment of Pre-school Behavior Scale (PARPS), developed by the experimenters, was used to examine the presence of ADHD related pre-school behaviors in a sample of 246 children. Factor analysis and correlational analysis imply the continuity of ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder from pre-school to the elementary school years. Discriminant analysis was used to examine the diagnostic capabilities of PARPS, both by itself, and in conjunction with a battery of widely used diagnostic and clinical ADHD and disruptive behavior scales. The results of this study suggest that PARPS is a short and user-friendly scale that can contribute to the examination of the presence of AOC in ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder.